Top 5 Composting techniques | Waste to Compost Guide

by
top 5 best Composting methods

Top 5 Composting techniques which is easy to convert wet waste into useful compost.

compost techniques

There are so many Composting techniques available in market, people are confusing or consider waste to compost is very difficult task, so it is not Easy way, but today in this post I am going to tell you top 5 Composting techniques that we can do compost with easy way and it will be simple or sustainable solutions.

before to know more about composting you should know some basic of Composting, why should we do Compost, Why composting is important things now, Generally there are lot of Benefits of Composting , also here we can reduce waste generated and helps to environment by doing composting. following are top 5 Composting techniques which is most effective and peoples are using these techniques and methods

Top 5 composting techniques…

  • Compost Pit/ bin
  • In vessel Composting.
  • Trench Composting
  • Vermi-Composting
  • Solar Composting.

Compost Pit/ bin:

compost methode

compost pit is one of the composting techniques which is  same as trench method, there are two methodes of compost pit  you can make one block or one enclosed square type bin and add crushed waste into bin or compost pit , some carbon source will required for compost pit , after crushing waste add carbon source into crushed waste and make compost , it will take more time for composting but it gives best quality compost. and second method is Compost pits are one of the simplest methods of composting organic material for the garden, but they are labor intensive to set up. Once you select a site for your pit, you will need to dig the pit and then add the compost material, such as fruit and vegetable scraps and grass clippings. Once you fill the pit with compostable material, it requires minimal maintenance while the material decomposes into usable organic material for your garden and yard.

In vessel Composting.

tumbleronly Guidebest Compost Techniques.

in vessel composting techniques means composting can be done in vessel or bin, people may use Compost tumbler or Compost bin , it is enclosed with foam or high polyethylene. Compost Tumbler is one of the best example of in vessel Composting,  in vessel composting it is easy for mixing or turning , you can do natural compost by this methode.

In-vessel composting generally describes a group of methods that confine the composting materials within a building, container, or vessel, In-vessel composting systems can consist of metal or plastic tanks or concrete bunkers in which air flow and temperature can be controlled, using the principles of a “bioreactor“. Generally the air circulation is metered in via buried tubes that allow fresh air to be injected under pressure, with the exhaust being extracted through a biofilter, with temperature and moisture conditions monitored using probes in the mass to allow maintenance of optimum aerobic decomposition conditions.

This technique is generally used for municipal scale organic waste processing, including final treatment of sewage biosolids, to a safe stable state for reclamation as a soil amendment. In-vessel composting can also refer to aerated static pile composting with the addition of removable covers that enclose the piles, as with the system in extensive use by farmer groups in Thailand, supported by the National Science and Technology Development Agency there.

Offensive odors are caused by putrefaction (anaerobic decomposition) of nitrogenous animal and vegetable matter gassing off as ammonia. This is controlled with a higher carbon to nitrogen ratio, or increased aeration by ventilation, and use of a coarser grade of carbon material to allow better air circulation. Prevention and capture of any gases naturally occurring (volatile organic compounds) during the hot aerobic composting involved is the objective of the biofilter, and as the filtering material saturates over time, it can be used in the composting process and replaced with fresh material.

A more advanced systems design is able to limit the odor issues considerably, and it is also able to raise the total energy and resource output by integrating in-vessel composting with anaerobic digestion. Through anaerobic decomposition it is also possible to reduce pathogen levels similarly to that of traditional aerated composting when the anaerobic bioreactors operate at thermophilic temperatures, between 41 and 122 °C (106 and 252 °F).

Trench composting:

Composting methods

Trench composting techniques is old method and which  is effective method of composting, it is simple method and good idea to dispose wet waste that attract rodents such as meat, dairy, bread and cooked foods etc, also it is best way to dispose pet waste.

You dig a trench or any shape hole approximately 1 feet deep in an open space of your garden, add roughly four to six inches of compostable materials, such as kitchen scraps, spent garden plants, small prunings, thinnings, and weeds, and bury them with the soil you dug out of the trench or hole. burying your kitchen scraps directly into the soil, right in the garden. Dig a hole roughly 12 inches deep and wide enough to bury whatever scraps you have collected, dump in 4-6 inches of compostable material, and cover it back up with dirt.

Vermi-composting:

Composting methods

As a farmer’s friend, we have been learning since childhood about Earthworms and useful information about manure. some people cultivate a hobby of making compost while others learn about this fertilizer to increase the fertility of their land, today I am going to give you information about such Vermicomposting. It takes time for us to do our best to maintain the fertility of the soil. Currently we see that the soil fertility or its level has gone down by chemical treatment, we have learned about many technologies to make compost from wet waste, Earthworm manure is also a technology that we convert wet waste into compost, we use Earthworm to convert wet waste into compost. Uses. We say that Earthworm are the friend of the farmers as they help the farmers to increase their yield by increasing the fertility of the soil by producing proper fertilizer from the waste. at present, the government or the government forces the farmers to grow crops using chemical elements to relieve them, but as a result, the soil becomes accustomed to the chemical elements and the land becomes barren and it becomes very difficult to grow crops and this has adverse effects on the environment. The fertility of the soil is declining day by day. As a result, the cost of production has gone up drastically and as we see farmers going into debt, it is very important to increase the fertility of the land. You can increase soil fertility by using Vermicompost.

Solar Composting:

Solar compost machine:

10kg 2Bfinal 2Bproduct Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Basically the solar compost machine works on heat, mix, vent technology and carbon source.

The machine is divided into two parts, use the daily waste to fill the first part, it may take you 5 to 6 days, when the first part is full, you can use it to fill the second part, when the second part is full, you have to prepare compost in the first part. Yes, you can use this compost for the garden.

Solar powered composters are the best waste disposal manager in India, heating can be done with natural sunlight that maintains a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, in the rainy season you have to add more carbon source to speed up composting, for mixing, you have to rotate crank Handel manually once in a day, for rotating cranking handle,  here provided high branded stainless steel shaft  with gear mechanism for operation.  machine will not stop working   under maintenance, Composting has a ventilation process to prevent odors, Composting can be made easier and faster due to ventilation. Carbon source is the main key or heart of composting, you need to add some carbon source to composting to increase the speed.  carbon source is basically a material made of branch such as sawdust, coat-peat, grass, dry leaves etc.

Solar is a free energy source we use to save and consume our electricity costs and to dispose of waste.

With the help of solar energy we can convert our daily waste into compost in less time.
The method is simple and yet effective. Garbage is first divided into wet waste and dry waste.
Wet waste was collected and divided into small particles to catalyze composting.

 

 

Composting ideas for gardening-garden Composting

by
cropped cropped cropped plant 41 Guidebest Compost Techniques.
cropped cropped cropped plant 41 Guidebest Compost Techniques.
cropped Coco peat blog Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Garden Composting ideas for home – Composting ideas for garden & home

garden composting is creative composting ideas that we can make quick compost from techniques. 

IMG 20181031 175527 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Garden composting has been around for tons of if not thousands of years. because of the exponential increase in population and also the demands that a industrial civilization need so as to sustain itself, the natural processes are put aside in relevancy fertilization of our soil in an endeavor to build up the assembly machine and at identical time forget however we tend to wont to merely go outside and start to plant our garden throughout the planting season.

With the increase of accelerating amounts of pesticides and alternative chemical imbalances in our industrialized food, there’s a quiet movement that’s growing additional loudly on a daily basis that’s moving toward a additional realistic society that involves memory however we tend to wont to produce the food that we tend to Ate everyday. Here are many recommendations on however you’ll be able to begin to make a really made soil for your new garden through Garden composting the straightforward approach.

Also Read: Compost guide for beginners

The first factor you ought to understand the aim of compost is that it’s wont to enhance the terribly structure of the soil itself. for example, a decent garden soil doesn’t have a tough, dry consistency thereto however it’s loose Associate in Nursingd capable of holding enough water for the plants furthermore as providing an adequate exit route for excess water and emptying. sensible quality compost will even be extra to the foremost clay crammed soils and improve their soil structure enough to yield high manufacturing quality crops. Moreover, garden composting can take your average garden and create it into a particularly fruitful and profitable garden if you decide on to plug your excess yields.

Another vital facet of the garden composting method is that the unleash of necessary nutrients like atomic number 7 to the soil and lots of UN agency use compost turn out glorious garden soil while not the necessity of any reasonably chemical in any respect. And whereas you’re doing this, you understand that not solely ar you saving cash by making compost with recycled garden waste, however {you ar|you’re} serving to the surroundings at identical time by not utilizing our several landfills for the organic material that we tend to are familiar with discard.

Now let’s get into however we will use house in our garden to start the composting method so later we will begin to combine it in and simply enter the planting method.

Most organic materials can decompose. you ought to use in your compost heap things like leaves, grass clippings, and any substance that’s organically based mostly like straw or fodder. From your room, you ought to add things like grounds, egg shells, which any organic material like left over vegetables that weren’t consumed.

If you’re a contractor, you’ll be able to even add a touch wood if you suspect that your atomic number 7 to carbon quantitative relation are too high. Obviously, don’t add residue from pets like dogs therein they’re terribly capable of passing sickness into your compost heap. conjointly don’t add things like grease or any milk merchandise as this may attract any close eutherian populations which can once more add diseases like Haunta virus to what you’re attempting to make.

Once you’re during a routine of adding these materials to your pile, you may need to wait many weeks for your ingredients to succeed in an explicit temperature. it’s throughout this stage that any remaining sickness or organisms are eliminated as a result of the pile will reach temperatures of a hundred and sixty .

Basically, this becomes reasonably a equalization act between the ingredients that you simply have extra and also the results that you simply want to attain. for example, if you have got an excessive amount of carbon-based material like paper or well aged manure your in your pile, your compost heap can have hassle reaching optimum temperatures so as to eliminate the bacterium that you simply are attempting to kill. Likewise, if you walk past your pile and smell the recent scent of ammonia, quite possible you have got an excessive amount of atomic number 7 within the pile. However, in the end, given enough time, your compost are created.

Once the compost heap is finished, you’ll be able to then begin admixture this together with your soil to counterpoint your garden space so your crops turn out plenteous and in record time. alternative prospects ar that you simply might use a trashcan or a structure like a box that you simply might create so as to carry your compost however if all you have got could be a tarpaulin that you simply will place over the compost so it doesn’t dry out, you’re in business in making the most effective material on earth for a self-made garden venture. Either way, following this terribly straightforward system for making your own compost can take little or no time or effort and can generate high yields for you and your organic horticulture family.

How does waste management work

by
waste 2Bin 2Bwrong 2Bplace Guidebest Compost Techniques.

How does waste management work: why it is Important

Waste is merely a raw material in the wrong place

This Topic Cover:

Why Solid waste management is essential for urban centres ?

Current managementstructure  

Caveats of present waste management process.

 

Solid waste management techniques.

Use of compost making Machine.

Large scale facilities that employ composting techniques. 

waste 2Bin 2Bwrong 2Bplace Guidebest Compost Techniques.

 

Mumbai metropolitan region is has an area that consists of the state capital of Maharashtra which is Mumbai and its satellite towns. The region has an area of 4355 km square and is one of the most populated regions in the world. Mumbai district has an area of 157 km square. Mumbai being a financial hub of the country attracts investment as well as various business resulting in an influx of people for employment purposes.  Inspite of small area Mumbai has a population of 12,442,373 (2011 census figures) and the population of total Mumbai metropolitan region is 18,394,182 (2011 census figures). The following Map shows the extent of Mumbai Metropolitan region. 

Mumbai Metropolition Region Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Municipal Corporations 

Municipal Councils 

Mumbai 

Kulgaon- Badlapur 

Thane 

Uran

Kalyan – Dombivali

Alibag

Navi Mumbai 

Pen

Mira Bhayandar 

Matheran

Bhiwandi – Nizampur 

Karjat 

Ulhasnagar 

Khopoli 

Vasai-Virar 

Kharghar 

Panvel 

Ambernath

The below table shows whether or not a municipal corporation in Mumbai Metropolitan area has a separate department concerning to solid waste management or not. 

 

Municipal Corporation 

SWM department 

Mumbai 

Yes

Thane 

Yes

Navi Mumbai 

Yes 

Kalyan Dombivali 

Yes 

Mira Bhayandar 

No

Bhiwandi – Nizampur

No

Ulhasnagar

No 

Vasai-Virar

No

Panvel

No

Similarly the below table displays whether the municipal Council has a department dedicated to solid waste management or not.

Municipal Council 

SWM Department 

Kulgaon Badlapur 

No

Uran 

No

Alibag 

No

Pen

No

Matheran 

No

Karjat 

No

Khopoli 

No (But called as Sanitary Department)

Kharghar (CIDCO not municipal Council)

No

Ambernath

No

Thus we can see which of the following Municipal corporations and Municipal councils have a Solid waste management department. Various Municipal council and municipal corporations that do not have a separate department of Solid waste Management put the responsibility of waste management under  Public work department or Public health department. 

However the MMRDA or the Mumbai metropolitan region development authority has already a department dedicated to SWM and plans for a new waste management facility are already undertaken at Taloja (Near Kharghar) which is projected to dispose 1800 metric ton waste for the next 25 years per day. 

Why Solid waste management is essential for urban centres ?

While we can debate about the pros and con of having a separate department concerning the solid waste management it is highly essential we understand the need of waste management at all. 

  • Mumbai has already a high population of 12,442,373* (Mumbai census 2011) and it is estimated to grow in the next 3 decades to 42,400,000 approx in 2050. Such high levels of population will eventually create huge waste generation. Currently with 2011 population levels the per capita waste generation is 0.63 kg. Mumbai is generating 7800 MT waste every day.  

  • The current per capita waste generation is estimated to rise to 0.7 kg per person in the year 2025. 

Let us also compare the waste generation of Mumbai compared with other regions nearby.

Municipal Corporation

Quantity of solid waste generated MT/Day

Mumbai

7000

Thane 

600

Kalyan – Dombivali

550

Ulhasnagar 

300

Navi Mumbai  

500

Mira – Bhayandar

450

It should also be noted that of of the total waste generated it is estimated that about 45% of the waste generated is biodegradable and the rest is non biodegradable. 

Current management structure  

 

Waste management responsibility is taken formally by the MCGM. The current mechanism involves collection , transport and disposal strategy. Waste is collected from different areas in Mumbai and sent to disposal at 3 dumping ground (Deonar, Mulund and Gorai )sites which are currently services the city and are already overburdened with waste.  The following mechanism explains the present structure. 

J5I0F7Qjs8TupkWuYCM01ophg0Po Gm4G5Oqcq4wAy7UosB5uJhCEDcNmvfeGKU83NvsOYcMKE1ZSacC TuMvbludLAcHjczHA ezbl dsmKVoNJeqsztB u0iNr8ZUHT4rnN xl=w354 h400 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

The garbage collectors employed by various housing societies, entities etc. collect the garbage on door to door basis and dump it near the community bins strategically placed at various areas. There are more than 5800 community bins in Mumbai alone. Here manual or mechanical compactors are used to collect waste from such community bins and and then sent to a transfer station. In case of Mumbai the transfer stations are located at Mahalaxmi, Kurla and Versova. The transfer stations are basically stations for smaller vehicles that bring the garbage from point sources and community bins. The garbage is thus transferred from smaller vehicles to larger vehicles capable of transferring the waste towards the disposal sites. 

Various types of vehicles are used to transport the garbage. Those include open flat-bed trucks, covered trucks, mobile compactors, tarpaulin covered vehicles . 

garbage 2Btruck Guidebest Compost Techniques.

sOYeAZLl17YFaKPBZq28uQZynEPjpMluh41 C4PcfPIpfoSarahf7 MhwYBXJY0haAYvAQLUK2ihJoRQz5gxw31dbAsuaExY RqHcknr2GzNnPgqJR9bV1ngW0s79WHf2XQ m IF=w319 h216 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Tarpaulin garbage (construction debris carrier)

8mShIMsCpa0pdDL raoOj9dgpsw7l9dZFCfOZ7dOdU gpooBsNWExgkGd0jy7F9XFZOUYfL8o7DBjs5M4XE9QNwm6xNx13TPnN5 OArDhDor2 NRuV SYl u0NtsvNGD1fKxny0i=w315 h207 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

A garbage truck (closed bed )

In Mumbai 

 

Mode of Transportation 

Percentage 

  

Garbage trucks

70%

  

Mobile tempos 

10%

  

Tarpaulin covered garbage truck

20%

  

About 95% of waste generated in the city is disposed in such manner. 

Caveats of present waste management process.

 

Dumping grounds 

 

The current dumping grounds in Mumbai are in Deonar, Mulund and Gorai. The combined area of the 3 landfills is 140 hectares. Area of Mumbai in comparison is 60340 hectares. Thus landfills constitute only 0.22% of the total area of Mumbai. The term landfilling refers to the practice where waste is being disposed and stored under more or less controlled conditions. Principles of landfilling include compaction, leveling of waste and final covering by earth, leachate collection system and landfill gas extraction. However due to space constraints and opposition from various citizens to create landfills spaces makes this option a far less viable option in the future.

 

Concerns regarding landfills 

  • Effects biodiversity as species that thrive on refuse (rats, crows etc.) compete with other local species thus endangering them.

  • Leachate production.

  • Health impacts for nearby residing residents.(landfills operate as mosquitoes breeding grounds)

  • Unpleasant visual effects due to the sites ruining natural landscape and the protest of citizens towards landfills as they cause problem of vermin, spread of diseases and also lower property prices.

 

Debris Disposal

 

Mumbai generates about 2000 tons of construction debris. As transportation of such debris is deemed to be expensive towards the dumping sites, various construction activities in Mumbai that generate waste will use loopholes and illegal ways to dump the construction debris. Due to lack of space in Mumbai the waste has to be carried off towards long distances. This increases the transportation cost leading to the business becoming ‘unprofitable’. Thus such debris is dumped into the creeks which affects the ecosystem of mangroves. The ecosystem of creeks in regions of Vasai, Gorai, Mankhurd are already endangered due to illegal dumping of waste. 

 

Open burning, landfill fires resulting in deterioration of air quality- 

 

On January 27th 2016 Mumbai witnessed a smog generated due to a mysterious fire that started in the deonar dumping grounds. The fire was huge enough to cause a smog in the city for 3 days and was visible by satellites in outer space. Regions in Mumbai had seen huge levels of pollution levels with the air quality index reaching 347 which comes into hazardous category seriously affecting health of citizens in Mumbai. As a result schools were closed for 2 days with citizens advised to remain at homes. 

There is also the problem of open waste burning in various parts of India. Open waste burning primarily occurs due to the following reasons. 

 

  • Open burning by rag pickers to isolate metals from waste. 

  • Open burning by residents and and municipal workers to reduce MSW.

  • Open burning by homeless people for warmth generation at night. 

 

While NGT has imposed a ban on open burning of waste with a fine upto 25000 rupees. The law is generally not implemented. 

 

A 2010 study by NEERI in Mumbai conducted about air quality assessment has stated about 2% of total MSW waste generated is burnt on the streets and about 10 % of the waste is burnt in landfills.

MSW burning results in largest contribution towards Carbon Monoxide and PM (particulate matter ). 

3gst CCGlT6KSWZdMFul1qz707TXs0inteN9fEUONmF0n2ZY0kLxmQo4XJARz43voaN0N4ewE87UoRfQyXtgZ ixzlhS1gC4cStc4JdAY TzPMSVH4GqJjjHbmSG 9MNHXdlcMHy=w340 h400 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Sourced from cpcb.nic.in

Thus as explained in the above pie chart open burning is the 3rd largest contributor towards CO pollution in Mumbai. 

 

PgPogxdhzzEjebNdPfEJFto8FKCY0ntXCjWAAXZv0sI51xzSvS9SOnjTECQSApRF3WMhMfcRz1bZYKlVn1pFAR5cuHsFzINJBb0HlYYWBubeAy7XF5M1iqZChXmRc fOWw6oCnMc=w400 h367 Guidebest Compost Techniques.Deonar burning as witnessed from satellites. 

Water pollution- 

 

In landfills biological degradation of waste results in generation of leachate. Such leachate can pollute the water sources nearby the landfill areas and may also pollute the groundwater.  k QSfhLePpDk hzbUsEyJJvpsvSYzi56MSRTxqaiAaTPuZEKhpi9CZEYyx96DpvSYRS4qZ5RMZV5eaiaLBEY0KOrQ3EVq99WNoZszZ8oLJjx1dJsXkZaIIsaDiaeakI9orMGEMWV=w400 h328 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

 

Leachates are generally formed due to anaerobic decomposition of biodegradable waste which is often mixed with heavy metals (such as chromium, lead, nickel )developed from inorganic waste. Such metals increase the solubility of iron and manganese in groundwater thus increasing the concentration resulting in increased groundwater pollution.

 

Impact on Climate change 

Climate change caused due to anthropogenic activities is one of the biggest problems the world has to face. Due to waste storage at landfills in particular, there are incidences of methane releases. Such methane released due to solid waste management operations should be captured. Thus organic waste which is decomposed at landfills have the problem of anaerobic decomposition leading to formation of methane gas. Thus to prevent methane formation it is essential to avoid an-aerobic decomposition. 

 

Solid waste management techniques. 

 

The following are the ways by which the problem of Solid waste management are currently been studied and even implemented. 

 

Waste to Energy (WTE) 

 

Refers to method of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from waste, usually through combustion. The combusted waste generates steam which could be utilised to drive a steam turbine thus resulting in energy generation. It also avoids the problem of leachate seeping underground thus reducing groundwater contamination. But while the method seems great at first glance it also has its own caveats. First and foremost waste to energy needs huge quantities of waste generated and later to be incinerated resulting in a possibility to divert resources from recycling plants. Also high amount of wet waste generation also results in difficulty in burning the waste.

 

Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) 

 

A fuel produced by shredding and dehydrating combustible MSW. RDF can be used for industrial purposes instead of coal. RDF are pellets created from trash which can act as a viable alternative for burning purposes. Input materials needed for RDF consists of waste that have a high caloric value. 

E.g- paper industry rejects, Plastic packaging, High caloric plastics, Mixed waste from household, industry. 

Concerns regarding Refuse derived fuel 

  • The cost effectiveness of the process to generate electricity.

  • Toxic and polluting gases emitted by such fuel generation and use. 

  • Also the problem of using mostly dry waste for power generation which again could be used for recycling purposes. Wet waste mostly needs to be segregated from RDF plants.  So it basically solves only a part of problem.

Currently BMC has floated tenders for deonar dumping ground for a setup of a waste to energy plant. But due to lack of segregation deonar dumping grounds which can cause reduced calorific value of the combustible waste (due to mixture of wet organic waste) there are not many parties interested to take up the challenge citing, economic feasibility of the project.

j9 ICwhSLb7fXQUevJuOinlAmYoTvdQl1qZOdwFktXoKRUtV0pFfn7GtqERMwaaZdfP7YCuf03YXfP4v8M8hf0Wc 3nccv CPHlx i13qxyL5sSy0ylosoQBEpmCTrj8v0 8tByT=w346 h400 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Recycling 

 

Recycling is perhaps the best sustainable long term solution for the waste management issues. The inorganic waste collected can be considered as a fodder for recycling. 

Plastic, metal, Paper, E waste are easily recyclable and can be reused further. However Recycling is mostly undertaken by formal sector.

 

Generally speaking, Plastic, glass and metal is exchanged with kabadiwalas at household levels. The kabadiwalas act as a intermediate between waste processing centres. The rest of plastic and metal collected come from a array of informal workers called as ragpickers which also include children as well. Mumbai is home to one the biggest slums in the world called Dharavi slums which surprisingly works as an industrial recycling unit as well. Dharavi’s 13th compound an area which is associated with recycling since decades. It currently employs more than 5000 people in the recycling industry. The area acts as a big segregation plant with collection of plastic, plastic drums, iron scrap, cotton scrap, empty bottles, glass etc.

vkhm a9WV3RG2eEIPV9siJKE 18cJ NonOnU15w7RzNrjvcEt9LChPegzxJpfJWYVkt5uljXvvH4AMNLutD9ZjRFgKVq7iIZuCrat8ODfQZFRwLKXK9AWIrxLkfdhijtkG8DoTfJ=w394 h400 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Composting 


Composting signifies biological decomposition of organic material. Microorganisms decompose the organic material to a stabilized product, i.e. compost. The end product can be used as soil conditioner. The compost generated consists of useful bacteria which can help plants with numerous benefits such as nitrogen fixation, helps soil for water retention, adds nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Thus benefits of compost are numerous and unlike the above alternatives this method seems viable and sustainable in the long run. It is also in sync with nature in general. Composting has the following benefits to agriculture and environment. 

 

Environment 

 

  • Directs waste away from landfills resulting in less accumulation of garbage and reduces leachate production (which could contaminate underground resources )

  • Reduces foul odours 

  • Avoids methane production in landfills 

  • Helps in afforestation programmes and increases the survivability of plants. 

  • Reduces need for landfill space*

 


Agriculture

 
 

  • Helps maintain soil ph levels 

  • Adds water retention capacity of the soil

  • Adds organic matter, humus which supplements the soil.

  • Reduces fertiliser requirement 

  • Provides a market for compost making and selling thus creating an extra income for the farmers 

  • Compost attracts earthworms thus helping in better soil aeration.

  • Helps restore soil conditions as microbes are affected with high usage of chemical fertilisers. 

HNiGMW9yZhPOn1UNnCISD7y3mr1YK00Jl6FY qlQN7ZpB0fhHUp5 eqGDsjfhandgCLJgUOV6VUxijqzEagjPQ7UOGpmkR9DS6A0u2 E4 0zq73CAqZzikPsCPYUq0Q2JG9RTYiq=w400 h225 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

 

Composting seems a feasible way to solve some of the problems associated with waste management. The BMC has given a deadline on 2nd of october 2017 regarding waste management. The circular stated that entities that generate more than 100kg of wet- waste every day should install within their own capacities to dispose the wet waste. Therefore a lot of entities have made various attempts to segregate the wet waste generated at source from the inorganic waste and utilised the wet waste generated for composting processes. The following techniqies have been utilised by them. 

 

USE OF COMPOST MAKING MACHINES

 

Various shopping malls, industrial setups, offices have been using a in-vessel waste composting machine which is basically a mechanical machine that works using electricity, manual labour to convert the wet waste generated into useable compost. The following image shows the machine which is used. 

rrINHeJwSGbMEE1Nhbg2aNLfGdM0MvzvikVuiWx1qkRUia5M120RHYbAv3CMBbpzLP7DawB 36b H1zW7SExUmxUqtZRA92RKFyXAaXj8jZSto9lAMiOU80dO6CQKXZaKz3xzUoS=w320 h203 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

* A typical in vessel composting machine based on electric power. 

 

Such machines have capacities ranging from low as 5 kg per day to 500 kg per day of wet waste to compost. These machines are the fastest when it comes to create compost. It usually converts the waste into usable soil additives within a 24 hour time.  However the major drawback of the machine is the requirement of electric power which adds to the cost and also the initial capital investment needed to purchase these machine. 

Such machines are now being installed at various places in Mumbai from where BMC does not collect waste. 

Another machine that solves the issue of wet waste is an in vessel biogas waste generator. 

See image. 

 

9Nfm8CCvi6lDUUdyIf1ZXvjaBOLtEV5vq9uK0TG057WPpC ywMHNAxyaKh7I57Vqj6mePCGI30VjqbuY DgY xn8GhCvlR2NYZ32T1Plk8ueofSI3moGkq5qP wnEXiz2APO1KT6=w271 h397 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Here the operation is simple, the wet waste generated is put into the plastic tanks and with enough time to generate an-aerobic process slurry and biogas can be collected to generate useful energy. Biogas generated from such processes can be utilised as a gas to produce heat necessary for cooking purposes. However the biogas production takes time to generate and also the machine is bulky which would take up space for large amount of food waste disposal. 

Manual composting machines. 

 

This types of machines are simple in construction which is basically a rotary device which can be rotated manually with the help of a handle. The idea is to store wet waste in such containers and usable compost will be created naturally in a span of 15-20 days. The machine needs to be rotated in order to ensure better mixing and aeration of the waste. However the process though is less costly takes time to create compost and might not be feasible with large generation of food and wet waste. Also will require ample space. See image.

RnTrQ Gqrd2Jtv n096RA9ppgOGBUCun0UWYjgrbp8nJUbNCwi9GQMieuchw6 NIxkm1 gDGkZXX0U6 0GES6H3XNTZkymMMBa7Sdkk5NeSbg6 qZnhurEV8DsBFmAFY7BWBALu3=w403 h295 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

* a typical rotary bin composter. There is also an image of shredder which shreds large wet waste particles into smaller particles for faster composting. 


Vermicomposting and Composting pits 

 

Various methods that incorporate wet waste composting through the use of earthworms have also been undertaken. The worms eat away the wet waste and produce usable compost. An suitable environment is provided for vermicomposting to take place. However such composting processes take huge amount of land and time consumption as well.  

IUeyOIiNPSx1NprEeg4lzwMiCwnzl m1 falPmDNFKJElaqf1UL5GQkEhWsMfHWZHubiNeLWZ5Z3xCY8Io6 qSQmASfcM SQ763GFBOWkJOftmA5isnwFGPaX0rwwouldMFHDioh=w296 h247 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

*vermicomposting pile of wet waste. 

 

Such type of composting is produced by entities which have ample space or property to use such techniques. 

 


Large scale facilities that employ composting techniques. 

 

Mechanical biological Treatment plants (MBT ) were installed as early as in 1970’s. They however were not popular due to high amount of imported technologies used and thus running into financial hurdles. Also there was lack of market for the compost generated and process was getting affected during rainfall. Also the mixed nature of waste resulting in metal and hard particles affecting and damaging the machinery at regular intervals. The process involves shredding of wet waste into smaller particles, which would then be dried, shredded and then turned into compost and finally stored for the ‘curing’ process a process where compost temperature is stabilised after a particular time duration ranging from 1 to 3 months depending on the weather. 

 

NiW32w9JntbD53HMhdD4l0F56rvks4F6CvGCKMeVXkLMODv7DJF8D5d 4MzmACO0qorewrbw6CVgxeyWY0Xkddkf2qBPir0pfjJtFeOlPhkHZbPANRYFcPTQo ECiV5DJd0Mo1bS=w348 h467 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

*a plant for compost preparations. 

Navi Mumbai currently has a MBT plant in operation that takes in 300MT of waste per day. Wet waste is segregated using belt drivers and blowers/ Magnets and finally using manual labour for segregation. 

 

hVuROYqeeTdV LItLdBqd7HtX 6XFJ5 fmjA1 jMlTbx2W7U L6d8QnwkZ7 tVkIJ292lQm4FDb0RGIhFkaXokQ3RViNseGtEFjCw05Lcajj72cTG R1VZos6UqcgL2kO7EDkk28=w417 h357 Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Concerns regarding compost 

 

  • While this seems to be a very viable option in regards wet waste management. It does not address the problem fully as inorganic waste cannot be composted.

  • Composting requires pits which use a large area. This creates problems in urban areas where space is already a constraint. 

  • Compost is bulky and expensive to transport.

  • Rate of nutrient release is slow as compared to chemical fertilisers. Therefore not viable for short term benefits of plants. A good solution will require the use of both (chemical fertilisers and organic compost)

  • Agriculture users might have concerns regarding municipal waste as compost due to fear of heavy metals present in compost .Especially in regard with food crops. The fear that unprepared compost could affect crop production needs to be addressed.

  • Subsidies on chemical fertilisers make compost less lucrative as chemical fertilisers are already tried and tested therefore farmers will be skeptical to change.

 

Other Initiatives –

Advanced Locality Management- 

 

 Advanced Locality Management (ALM) is local managem

ent of solid waste by citizens who organise themselves to manage their waste. Wet waste is segregated at the source and dry waste is then exchanged with scrap dealers or then disposed off with the collaboration with rag pickers. There are in all 719 ALMs along with 276 vermi-compost pits spread over the city. This way, approximately 20-25 tonnes of garbage per day is prevented from reaching the dump yards. Another encouraging fact is that women run 80% of these ALMs. The goal is to ensure maximum citizen participation . Organisation of

the community, training and initiation is done with the collaboration between residents and MCGM. 

Summary 

 

The government should work in hand with BMC and other urban local bodies along with NGOs to tackle the problem of solid waste management in the city. The current changes in BMC circular of 2nd october has spawned a lot of entrepreneurial interest to solve the challenge of solid waste management. Also the government must focus initiatives on source separation, recycling of waste, production and utilization of high quality compost. The government should also educate and inform the citizens the goal of solid waste management and urge local governments to form a department catering to the needs of solid waste management. But the panacea to the issues facing the solid waste management plan lies in making sure waste is segregated at the source. Blue green pledge will ensure the sustainability of urban centre in the long run.

 

The benefits in finding a sustainable path to solid waste management has multiple advantages. It will impact the quality of life, help battle climate change, generate economic growth, bring informal character associated with the industry to a formal character. It is then and only then the below quote will began to make much more sense.

‘Waste is merely a raw material in the wrong place’

    

 

Top 10 benefits of composting

by
WhatsApp 2BImage 2B2020 11 25 2Bat 2B12.10.10 2BAM Guidebest Compost Techniques.

Top ten benefits of composting to environments-

Do you know Benefits of Composting to environment and Environmental benefits of Composting  we can use composting for our garden, After studying people’s different ways and thoughts, I realized that it is right to convert this wet waste into compost. Everyone should do it, but I was saddened by some people’s questions. In fact, the questions they asked me were the right ones. I will give you the answer. And the question was, what do we do with this composting?

Let us try to answer this question for you today. Today I will tell you ten benefits of composting so that you know how important composting is. First of all, I will explain the term Composting.

What does composting mean:

“Composting is technique to add bacterial Action on waste to create compost.Treasure From Trash is our ideology, which encourages people to breathe new life into trash. It symbolizes the limitless opportunities we have to nourish the planet. It is a way of life in which we turn our daily waste into a greener world for future generations. As a result, you are actually contributing to a better environment.”

 

Benifits of Composting

Click here- What is Composting ? How to Start composting?

Here are ten benefits of composting:

1. Reduces landfill waste

Benifits of Composting-Reduces Landfil

 

Globally or if we look around us we realize that the waste problem is the biggest headache, we are looking for different ways to process such waste, when we put the waste in the bin or pit it helps to reduce 25 to 30 percent of that waste. Waste reduction shows that on the one hand, the problem of waste is reduced and on the other hand, this waste is properly converted into organic manure.

2. Improves soil Health.

Improves soil Health-benifits of Composting

 

Everyone is struggling to make more use of organic manure these days, so using organic manure can improve soil quality by increasing the amount of organic matter and micro nutrients. This will increase the quality of the soil in the soil and maximize the yield of crops in the fields or orchards.

3. Help reduce greenhouse gas emissions:

Benifits of Composting-help reduce greenhouse gas emissions

 

We have seen many times the rate of disease spread by the stench from the waste, you can make organic manure to curb many harmful gases due to waste, if you can do this you can greatly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.

4. Prevention of air pollution:

Benifits of Composting-Prevention of air pollution

 

Many people are seen burning waste, which releases harmful chemicals into the air from herbicides or garden sprays, which can lead to asthma-like illnesses.

5. Protection from pesticides

Protection from pesticides-benifits of Composting

 

Composting is considered to be a very important component for protection against pesticides, it enhances the immunity of the plants or the plants you have planted and improves the growth of the crop.

6. Maintains soil pH:

Benifits of Composting-Maintains soil pH

 

Sometimes it is necessary to maintain the balance of the soil, sometimes the soil is acidic, then you need to maintain the pH in it, composting does not allow other things to affect the plants or crops.

 

Read Here: Vermicompost is best choice

7. Good crop growth:

Benifits of Composting-Good crop growth

 

In addition to protecting the crop, composting also helps in good growth of the crop, composting is used to increase the nutrients and immunity of the crop.

8. Increases the water holding capacity of the soil:

Benifits of Composting-Increases the water holding capacity of the soil

Organic manure is a combination of many organic substances, in which we use organic manure to protect the plant and the environment. 

Applying 0.5% to 1.0% organic matter to the soil doubles the water holding capacity of the soil. Organic matter disappears in the process of soil erosion. The supply of organic matter to the soil increases the productivity and water holding capacity of the soil.

9. Donate organic manure and take seedlings:

Benifits of Composting-Donate organic manure

You can make compost by properly disposing of rotten or wasted waste, and in the form of donations, you can replace the seedlings where you get seedlings or give them to the farmer.

10. Saving money:

Benifits of Composting-Saving money

 

Since the waste problem is a serious problem right now, there are some charges for picking up garbage from a restaurant or a place where a lot of garbage is generated, you can save your money if you can make waste manure.

Also Read- How to Earn Money from Waste?

apart from these benefits of composting , there are several things or benefits of composting to environment, if you really interested in composting then you need to know more Composting method and start to make compost, if any comments please comment in comment box, we try to give you answer.

please share this post to maximum people to know more about composting or benefits of composting. for more details you can visit klimrus.in